New bottle return fees stir controversy in Hungary

Starting on 1 September 2025, Hungary’s waste management company MOHU will introduce a new tiered payment system for stores handling bottle and can returns. The reform has deepened tensions between the recycling operator and Hungary’s retail sector just one year after the nationwide deposit return system was introduced.

The revised fees favour small shops while sharply cutting compensation for large retailers. Stores under 200 sqm will receive HUF 11.5 per item for manual returns (up from the current rate), mid-sized stores (200–400 sqm) using machines will continue to receive HUF 7.5, while large retailers over 400 sqm will see their rate cut in half to just HUF 3.5 per item.

The National Commerce Association (OKSZ) strongly opposes the change, warning it could cost large chains around 6.5 billion HUF annually. They argue the new rates will not cover operational costs and claim that at least HUF 10 per item is needed for sustainable service. The OKSZ also highlights concerns beyond finances: MOHU allegedly fails to carry out required biannual cleaning of recycling machines, lacks sufficient capacity, and falls short in providing necessary communication and education efforts.

MOHU defends the changes by saying the goal is to encourage broader participation from smaller shops, where return rates are currently lower. While consumers may not immediately notice changes at the point of return, these cost adjustments may strain larger stores, potentially impacting service quality or availability. Retailers, especially big chains, remain adamant that the current setup is already unprofitable.