Europe’s EPR framework for the textile industry

The fashion industry’s textile waste is projected to rise by more than 40% by 2035, while less than 1% is currently recycled into new textiles. However, recycled materials are expensive, with recycled polyester costing around 2.6 times more than virgin polyester. Successful circularity will require coordinated investment in collection, sorting and recycling infrastructure, alongside reliable feedstock and long-term brand commitments to purchase recycled fibres. Garments must also be designed for recyclability, including compatible trims, threads, labels and elastics. Overall, stronger regulation, financing and industry-wide coordination are essential to turn textile circularity from concept into a business model.

In response, the EU has introduced extended producer responsibility (‘EPR’) for textiles, by requiring producers to help fund waste collection and recycling. The EU’s revised waste framework directive introduced EPR rules for textiles, textile-related products and footwear, making producers financially and organisationally responsible for the collection, sorting, reuse and recycling of their products.

Member States must transpose the rules into national law and must have operational textile EPR schemes established by 17 April 2028 at the latest. Microenterprises receive an additional 12-month transition period, meaning the relevant obligations generally apply to them from 17 April 2029.